Sources: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform
Crime Reports for the United States 2000 (Washington DC: US
Government Printing Office, 2001), pp. 215-216, Tables 29 and
4.1; Uniform Crime Reports for the United States 1999
(Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 2000), pp.
211-212; Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports
for the United States 1998 (Washington DC: US Government
Printing Office, 1999), pp. 209-210; FBI, UCR for the US 1995
(Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1996), pp.
207-208; FBI, UCR for the US 1990 (Washington, DC: US Government
Printing Office, 1991), pp. 173-174; FBI, UCR for the US 1980
(Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1981), pp.
189-191.
According to the UN's estimate, 141 million people around
the world use marijuana. This represents about 2.5 percent of
the world population.
Source: United Nations Office for Drug Control and
Crime Prevention, Global Illicit Drug Trends 1999 (New
York, NY: UNODCCP, 1999), p. 91.
Marijuana was first federally prohibited in 1937. Today,
more than 76 million Americans admit to having tried it.
Sources: Marihuana Tax Act of 1937; Substance Abuse
and Mental Health Services Administration, Summary of Findings
from the 1999 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse
(Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services, 2000),
p. G-4, Table G.4.
A John Hopkins study published in May 1999, examined
marijuana's effects on cognition on 1,318 participants over a 15
year period. Researchers reported "no significant differences in
cognitive decline between heavy users, light users, and nonusers
of cannabis." They also found "no male-female differences in
cognitive decline in relation to cannabis use." "These results
... seem to provide strong evidence of the absence of a
long-term residual effect of cannabis use on cognition," they
concluded.
Source: Constantine G. Lyketsos, Elizabeth Garrett,
Kung-Yee Liang, and James C. Anthony. (1999). "Cannabis Use and
Cognitive Decline in Persons under 65 Years of Age," American
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 149, No. 9.
In March 1999, the Institute of Medicine issued a report on
various aspects of marijuana, including the so-called Gateway
Theory (the theory that using marijuana leads people to use
harder drugs like cocaine and heroin). The IOM stated, "There is
no conclusive evidence that the drug effects of marijuana are
causally linked to the subsequent abuse of other illicit drugs."
Source: Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John
A Benson, Jr.,
"Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base,"
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of
Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999).
The Institute of Medicine's 1999 report on marijuana
explained that marijuana has been mistaken for a gateway drug in
the past because "Patterns in progression of drug use from
adolescence to adulthood are strikingly regular. Because it is
the most widely used illicit drug, marijuana is predictably the
first illicit drug most people encounter. Not surprisingly, most
users of other illicit drugs have used marijuana first. In fact,
most drug users begin with alcohol and nicotine before
marijuana, usually before they are of legal age."
Source: Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John
A Benson, Jr.,
"Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base,"
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of
Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999).
A 1999 federal report conducted by the Institute of Medicine
found that, "For most people, the primary adverse effect of
acute marijuana use is diminished psychomotor performance. It
is, therefore, inadvisable to operate any vehicle or potentially
dangerous equipment while under the influence of marijuana, THC,
or any cannabinoid drug with comparable effects."
Source: Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John
A Benson, Jr.,
"Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base,"
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of
Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999).
The DEA's Administrative Law Judge, Francis Young concluded:
"In strict medical terms marijuana is far safer than many foods
we commonly consume. For example, eating 10 raw potatoes can
result in a toxic response. By comparison, it is physically
impossible to eat enough marijuana to induce death. Marijuana in
its natural form is one of the safest therapeutically active
substances known to man. By any measure of rational ...[Message
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